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Material







405 1.4002 UNS S40500 is a 12% chromium steel, designed to be used in the as welded condition.  Unlike other grades in the 12% chromium category, 405 is not susceptible to extensive hardening through air cooling from high temperature. Commonly used for annealing boxes, steam nozzles, quenching racks, partitions and other fabrications that cannot be annealed after welded.

Soft and ductile, 405 can be easily machined using most standard practices. Experienced machinists comment that 405 machines similarly to 4130 alloy steel. 405 can be easily spun, drawn and formed using common forming procedures.

405 1.4002 can be welded using shielded fusion and resistance techniques. Oxyacetylene welding is not recommended. Use 405 Cb electrodes that contain columbium rather than aluminum to control hardening. Post weld annealing will maximize ductility. Soak at 1500-1600 F(817-871 C) and then quickly increase to 1900-2050 F(1038-1121 C). Do not remain at this temperature as the result will be excessive grain growth. Do not work below 1500 F(816C). After forging, air cool and anneal.

AISI Type 405 1.4002 has marginal stainless steel corrosion resistance. It is used primarily as a structural material. It is serviceable in continuous service up to 1300 F and in intermittent exposures up to 1500 F. It does not harden appreciably when air cooled from high temperature where some austenite may exist.



Chemical Composition:

Al

 C

Mn

P

S

Cr

Si

Ni

N

Cu

0.1-0.3

max. 0.08

max. 1,00

max. 0,040

max. 0,030

11.5 - 14.5

max,1

max, 0.5

0,14-0,20

-

Principal Design Features 405 is a 12% chromium steel designed to be used in the as-welded condition. Unlike other 12% chromium steels, it is not subject to a great deal of hardening through air cooling form high temperatures.
Applications Commonly used for annealing boxes, steam nozzles, quenching racks, partitions and other fabrications that cannot be annealed after welding.
Machinability Soft and ductile, 405 can be easily machined using most standard practices. Experienced machinists comment that 405 machines similarly to 4130 alloy steel.
Forming 405 can be easily spun, drawn and formed using common forming procedures.
Welding 405 can be welded using shielded fusion and resistance techniques. Oxyacetylene welding is not recommended. Use 405 Cb electrodes that contain columbium rather than aluminum to control hardening. Post weld annealing will maximize ductility.
Forging Soak at 1500-1600 F(817-871 C) and then quickly increase to 1900-2050 F(1038-1121 C). Do not remain at this temperature as the result will be excessive grain growth. Do not work below 1500 F(816C). After forging, air cool and anneal.
Annealing Soak at 1200-1400 F(649-760 C), air cool.
Hardening While this alloy does not respond appreciably to heat treatment, soaking at 1800-1850 F(982-1010 C) followed by oil quenching will increase mechanical properties.



Physical Properties:
Density (lb / cu. in.) 0.279
Specific Gravity 7.72
Specific Heat (Btu/lb/Deg F - [32-212 Deg F]) 0.11
Thermal Conductivity 416
Modulus of Elasticity Tension 29

Mechanical Properties
Quantity Value Unit
Young's modulus 200000 - 200000 MPa
Tensile strength 60 - 580 MPa
Elongation 20 - 27 %
Creep strength 58 - 58 MPa
Impact strength 35 - 35 J/cm
Yield strength 250 - 400 MPa

Physical Properties
Quantity Value Unit
Thermal expansion 11 - 11 e-6/K
Thermal conductivity 27 - 27 W/m.K
Specific heat 460 - 460 J/kg.K
Melting temperature 1480 - 1530 °C
Density 7750 - 7750 kg/m3
Resistivity 0.6 - 0.6 Ohm.mm2/m

Environmental Data
Quantity Value Unit
Eco indicator 95 3.573 mPt
EPS 4660 mELU
Ex (in) / Ex (out) 3.81647836869661 MJ/MJ
GER 24.9 MJ
Raw materials input 3.35771383477064 kg
Solid 0.0110739 kg
Eco indicator 99 0.12 Pt
Environmental remarks Important producers of Stainless steel are the US (14%), Germany (9%), CIS (10%),and France (6%). The average scrap supply is 20%. See for the environmental aspects the individual alloy metals data.


304 | 304L | 304H | 305 | 316/316L | 316Ti | 317L | 321/321H | 309S | 310S | 347/347H | S32101 | S32205/S31803 | S32304 | S32750 | S32760 | 904L | 405 | 409 | 410 | 410S | 416 | 420 | 430 | 630 | 660 | 254SMO | 253MA | 353MA
Incoloy: Incoloy 800 | Incoloy 800H | Incoloy 800HT | Incoloy 825 | Incoloy 901 | Incoloy 925 | Incoloy 926
Inconel: Inconel 600 | Inconel 601 | Inconel 625 | Inconel 706 | Inconel 718 | Inconel X-750
Hastelloy: Hastelloy B | Hastelloy B-2 | Hastelloy B-3 | Hastelloy C-4 | Hastelloy C-22 | Hastelloy C-276 | Hastelloy X | Hastelloy G | Hastelloy G3
Nimonic: Nimonic 75 | Nimonic 80A | Nimonic 90
Monel: Alloy 20 | Nickel 200 | Nickel 201 | Monel 400 | Monel 401 | Monel R 405 | Monel K 500
Other: A286 | 17-4PH

Related References:
1. Superferritic Stainless Steel
2. Ferritic Ferrite Stainless Steel
3. Ferritic Stainless Steel Grades Comparison Table
4. Compared with the ferritic stainless steel, duplex stainless steel vulnerable

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