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410 1.4006 Stainless Steel
Alloy 410 is a martensitic stainless steel with high mechanical properties and is ferromagnetic in the annealed or hardened condition. 410 contains the minimum amount of chromium to impart stainless steel properties. 410 resists oxidation and scaling up to 1200 degF. Hardness is one of 410's best features; It resists abrasion and wear better than most 300 series stainless steel. Grade 410 is often supplied in the hardened, but still machinable condition, for applications where high strength and moderate heat and corrosion resistance are required
Alloy 410 is the basic, general purpose, hardenable martensitic stainless steel. It is used for highly stressed parts with good corrosion resistance and strength. Alloy 410 resists corrosion in mild atmospheres, steam, and many mild chemical environments. The alloy can be heat treated to obtain high strength with good ductility.This alloy is used where strength, hardness, and/or wear resistance must be combined with corrosion resistance.
Alloy 410 is a hardenable, straight-chromium stainless steel which combines the superior wear resistance of high carbon alloys with the excellent corrosion resistance of chromium stainless steel. Oil quenching this alloy from temperatures between 1800°F to 1950°F (982-1066°C) produces the highest strength and/or wear resistance as well as corrosion resistance. A range of as-quenched hardnesses is achieved by varying the carbon level from .15% maximum in Alloy 410.
Applications
Chemical Analysis
Corrosion Resistance
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Fabricating Properties
Heat Treatment
| Type |
Seamless & Welded Pipe |
Butt Weld Fittings |
Flanges & Pressure Fittings |
| Sizes |
1/4" thru 16" |
1/2" thru 12" |
All descriptions |
| Schedules |
Sch 10, 40, 80, 160, & XXH |
Sch 10, 40, 80, 160, & XXH |
|
ASTM Standards
| Bar |
Butt Weld Fittings |
Forgings |
Pipe, Welded & Seamless |
Plate |
| A276, A479 |
A815 |
A182 |
A268 |
A240 |
Minimum Physical Properties
Chemical Composition (wt%)
| C |
Mn |
P |
S |
Si |
Ni |
Cr |
Fe |
| 0.15 Max. |
1.00 Max. |
0.04 Max. |
0.03 Max. |
0.75 Max. |
0.50 Max. |
11.5 - 13.5 |
Balance |
Mechanical Properties
Typical mechanical properties for grade 410 stainless steels are given in table 5.
Table 5. Mechanical properties of 410 grade stainless steel
Tempering Temperature (°C) |
Tensile Strength (MPa) |
Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) |
Elongation (% in 50mm) |
Hardness Brinell (HB) |
Impact Charpy V (J) |
Annealed * |
480 min |
275 min |
16 min |
- |
- |
204 |
1310 |
1000 |
16 |
388 |
30 |
316 |
1240 |
960 |
14 |
325 |
36 |
427 |
1405 |
950 |
16 |
401 |
# |
538 |
985 |
730 |
16 |
321 |
# |
593 |
870 |
675 |
20 |
255 |
39 |
650 |
755 |
575 |
23 |
225 |
80 |
* Annealed properties are specified for Condition A of ASTM A276, for cold finished bar.
# Due to associated low impact resistance this steel should not be tempered in the range 425-600°C |
Physical Properties
Typical physical properties for annealed grade 410 stainless steels are given in table 6.
Table 6 Physical properties of 410 grade stainless steel in the annealed condition
Grade |
Density (kg/m3) |
Elastic Modulus (GPa) |
Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
(mm/m/°C) |
Thermal Conductivity
(W/m.K) |
Specific Heat 0-100°C
(J/kg.K) |
Electrical Resistivity (nW.m) |
0-100°C |
0-315°C |
0-538°C |
at 100°C |
at 500°C |
410 |
7750 |
200 |
9.9 |
11.4 |
11.6 |
24.9 |
28.7 |
460 |
570 |
Grade Specificati on Comparison
Approximate grade comparisons for 410 stainless steel are given in table 7.
Table 7. Grade specifications for 410 grade stainless steel
Grade |
UNS No |
Old British |
Euronorm |
Swedish SS |
Japanese JIS |
BS |
En |
No |
Name |
410 |
S41000 |
410S21 |
56A |
1.4006 |
X12Cr13 |
2302 |
SUS 410 |
These comparisons are approximate only. The list is intended as a comparison of functionally similar materials not as a schedule of contractual equivalents. If exact equivalents are needed original specifications must be consulted. |
Possible Alternative Grades
Possible alternative grades to grade 410 stainless steels are given in table 8.
Table 8. Possible alternative grades to 410 grade stainless steel
| Grade |
Why it might be chosen instead of 410 |
416 |
High machinability is required, and the lower corrosion resistance of 416 is acceptable. |
420 |
A higher hardened strength or hardness than can be obtained from 410 is needed. |
440C |
A higher hardened strength or hardness than can be obtained even from 420 is needed. |
Corrosion Resistance
410 resists dry atmosphere, fresh water, mild alkalies and acids, food, steam and hot gases. Must be hardened for maximum heat and corrosion resistance. Performance is best with a smooth surface finish. Less corrosion resistant than the austenitic grades and also less than 17% chromium ferritic alloys such as Grade 430.
Heat Resistance
Good resistance to scaling up to approximately 650°C, but generally not recommended for use in temperatures between 400 and 580°C, because of the reduction in mechanical properties.
Heat Treatment
Annealing
Full anneal - 815-900°C, slow furnace cool to 600°C and then air cool.
Process Anneal - 650-760°C and air cool.
Hardening
Heat to 925-1010°C, followed by quenching in oil or air. Oil quenching is necessary for heavy sections. Temper, generally within the range 200-400°C, to obtain a wide variety of hardness values and mechanical properties as indicated in the accompanying table.
The tempering range 400-580°C should generally be avoided.
Welding
Readily welded by all standard methods, but a pre-heat of 150-260°C and post-weld annealing treatment is required to reduce the possibility of cracking. Use Grade 410 welding rod if post hardening and tempering is involved. If parts are to be used in the "as welded" condition, a ductile joint can be achieved by using Grade 309 filler rod.
AS 1554.6 pre-qualifies welding of 410 with Grade 309 rods or electrodes.
Machining
In the annealed or highly tempered conditions grade 410 is relatively easily machined, but if hardened to above 30HRC machining becomes more difficult. Free machining grade 416 is a very readily machined alternative.
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