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Steel is a term used for iron to which between 0.02 to 1.7% carbon has been added. The old definition of steel used to be something like "it rusts and it sinks in water." This material comprises the most diverse group of alloys and applications in the metals world. If there is something that needs to be made, there probably is a steel alloy that it can be made of. Steel does, of course, have poor corrosion resistance, but its relatively low cost and ease of painting make it a common choice.
The numbering system for steel is actually one of the few things in the metals industry that seems to make sense. You can determine the alloying ingredients by the first two digits of the alloy number, and the carbon content by the last two digits. For instance, 1018 is simply iron with a carbon content of 0.18%. Generally speaking, as the carbon content goes up, strength increases, but machinability and weldability decrease. 1008|1010|1015|1018|1020|1025|1035|1040|1045|1050|1117|1141|1144|12L14|1215|4140|4150|4340|8620|A36|A653|A513
General: Carbon steels are regarded as steels containing not more than 0,5% manganese and 0,5% silicon, all other steels being regarded as alloy steels,Stainless Steel Tube General Purpose 1010 - General purpose steel. Good weldability and forming and extruding chrematistics. Often used for general structural and automotive bodies. 1015 - General purpose low carbon plate with predictable qualities. Has excellent welding and bending properties. Structural applications. 1020 - Good general purpose low carbon plate. Good machinability and formability. Used in automotive camshafts and similar applications. 1025 - Plate. Higher carbon plate for greater strength. Has optimal combination of strength, weldability and good form retaining after machining. 1045 Medium carbon steel. often used for bolts, studs and shaft parts. High strength and hardness. Hot Rolled Carbon Steel 1018, 1020 (HR,CF) - Low carbon steel. Has good hardening properties, fair machinability. Readily brazed and welded. 1117 (HR,CF) - Low carbon, high manganese steel. Good machinability, case hardening is deep and uniform. Good for bending, broaching and most deforming without cracking. Medium Carbon - Direct Hardening 1035 (HR) - Intermediate carbon higher in strength and hardness than low carbon steel. Used for studs, bolts etc. 1040, 1045 (HR,CF) - Used when greater strength and hardness is desired in the as rolled condition. Good for hammer forge processes. Uses include gears, shafts, axles, bolts sand studs. 1050 (CF) - Strain hardened, stress relieved material typically 100 KSI yield strength. 1141 (HR,CF) - Improved machinability and better heat treatment response (surface hardness is deeper and more uniform) than plain carbon steels. Uses include gears, shafts, axles, bolts, studs, pins, etc. Screw Stock 1215 (HR,CF) - Fast cutting steel is considered the standard screw stock. Cutting speeds and machining characteristics are excellent. Medium Carbon Alloy Bars - Annealed 4140/4150 - Widely used general purpose alloys, low in cost. A broad range of strength and toughness is attainable through variations in heat treatment. Used for forgings, tubing and fittings 4340 - Highly alloyed steel, nominally 1.8% Ni, .80% chromium and .25% molybdenum. High strength characteristics. Used for heavily
stressed parts operating in fatigue and other duty conditions. Hot Rolling - Hot Rolling Process | Hot Rolling Application | Types of Hot Rolling Mill | Hot Rolled Steel Tube | History Cold Rolling - Physical metallurgy | Degree of cold work | Cold Rolling Stainless Steel | Manufacturing Process Foil rolling | Rolling Mill | Steel Mill | Production methods | Recycling of Steel | Modern Steelmaking | Contemporary Steel |
