Typical Tensile Strength - A36 Steel|API 5L X65|ASTM A514|AISI302

This article includes a list of references or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (June 2008). Some typical tensile strengths of some materials:

Material	Yield strength (MPa)	Ultimate strength (MPa)	Density (g/cm³)
first carbon nanotube ropes	?	3,600	1.3
Structural steel ASTM A36 steel	250	400	7.8
Steel, API 5L X65 (Fikret Mert Veral)	448	531	7.8
Steel, high strength alloy ASTM A514	690	760	7.8
Steel, prestressing strands	1,650	1,860[citation needed]	7.8
Steel Wire			7.8
Steel (AISI 1,060 0.6% carbon) Piano wire	2,200-2,482[1]		7.8
High density polyethylene (HDPE)	26-33	37	0.95
Polypropylene	12-43	19.7-80	0.91
Stainless steel AISI 302 - Cold-rolled	520	860
Cast iron 4.5% C, ASTM A-48	130	200
Titanium alloy (6% Al, 4% V)	830	900	4.51
Aluminium alloy 2014-T6[citation needed]	400	455	2.7
Copper 99.9% Cu	70	220	8.92
Cupronickel 10% Ni, 1.6% Fe, 1% Mn, balance Cu	130	350	8.94
Brass	200+	550	5.3
Tungsten		1,510	19.25
Glass		50 (in compression)	2.53
E-Glass	N/A	3,450	2.57
S-Glass	N/A	4,710	2.48
Basalt fiber	N/A	4,840	2.7
Marble	N/A	15
Concrete	N/A	3
Carbon Fiber	N/A	5,650	1.75
Human hair		380
Spider silk (See note below)		1,000
Silkworm silk	500
Aramid (Kevlar or Twaron)	3,620		1.44
UHMWPE	23	46	0.97
UHMWPE fibers[2][3] (Dyneema or Spectra)		2,300-3,500	0.97
Vectran		2,850-3,340
Polybenzoxazole (Zylon)		5,800
Pine Wood (parallel to grain)		40
Bone (limb)	104-121	130	1.6
Nylon, type 6/6	45	75	1.15
Rubber	-	15
Boron	N/A	3,100	2.46
Silicon, monocrystalline (m-Si)	N/A	7,000	2.33
Silicon carbide (SiC)	N/A	34,40
Sapphire (Al2O3)	N/A	1,900	3.9-4.1
Carbon nanotube (see note below)	N/A	62,000	1.34
Carbon nanotube composites	N/A	1,200[4]	N/A

Note: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes have the highest tensile strength of any material yet measured, with labs producing them at a tensile strength of 63 GPa, still well below their theoretical limit of 300 GPa. The first nanotube ropes (20 mm long) whose tensile strength was published (in 2000) had a strength of 3.6 GPa, still well below their theoretical limit.[5]
Note: many of the values depend on manufacturing process and purity/composition.
Note: human hair strength varies by ethnicity and chemical treatments.
Note on spider silk strength: The strength of spider silk is highly variable. It depends on many factors including type of silk (every spider can produce several different types for different purposes), the particular species, the age of the silk, the temperature, the humidity, the rate that the stress is applied at during testing, the length of time the stress is applied and the way the silk is collected (forced silking or natural spinning)[6]. The value shown in the table, 1000Mpa, is roughly representative of the results from a few studies involving several different species of spider however specific results varied greatly.[7]

Elements in the annealed state	Young's Modulus (GPa)	Proof or yield stress (MPa)	Ultimate strength (MPa)
Aluminium	70	15-20	40-50
Copper	130	33	210
Gold	79		100
Iron	211	80-100	350
Lead	16		12
Nickel	170	14-35	140-195
Silicon	107	5,000-9,000
Silver	83		170
Tantalum	186	180	200
Tin	47	9-14	15-200
Titanium	120	100-225	240-370
Tungsten	411	550	550-620
Zinc (wrought)	105		110-200

BACK